Lumbee Tribe Edges Closer to Federal Recognition with Trump's Memo

For decades, the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina has sought federal recognition, a designation that would bring with it a range of benefits, including access to healthcare, education, and economic development funding. Now, after President Trump signed a memorandum on September 23, 2020, the tribe's long-held aspiration may finally be within reach.

A Complex History

The Lumbee Tribe has a rich and complex history dating back centuries. Originally known as the Cheraw Indians, they were part of a larger confederation of Siouan-speaking tribes that inhabited the southeastern United States. In the 18th century, they began to be referred to as the "Croatans," a name derived from their association with the legendary "Lost Colony" of Roanoke.

Over the years, the tribe faced numerous challenges, including forced relocation, discrimination, and the erosion of their traditional lands. Despite these obstacles, the Lumbee have maintained their cultural identity and fought tirelessly for their rights.

The Long Road to Recognition

The Lumbee Tribe's quest for federal recognition began in the early 20th century. In 1956, they successfully petitioned the state of North Carolina for recognition, a significant milestone that made them eligible for certain state benefits.

However, federal recognition has remained elusive. The tribe has submitted numerous petitions to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), but each one has been rejected. One of the primary reasons for these rejections has been the lack of clear historical documentation proving the tribe's continuous existence as a distinct political entity.

Trump's Memo and Its Impact

President Trump's memorandum, titled "Memorandum on the Establishment of a White House Initiative to Americanize the Federal Workforce," included a provision that directed the Secretary of the Interior to review the Lumbee Tribe's petition for federal recognition.

The memo states that the review should be conducted "expeditiously" and that the Secretary should "consider all relevant factors" in making his decision. While the memo does not guarantee that the Lumbee Tribe will receive federal recognition, it represents a significant step forward in their long-standing quest.

Perspectives on the Issue

The prospect of federal recognition for the Lumbee Tribe has sparked a range of reactions. Some tribal members and supporters see it as a long-overdue recognition of their history and culture. They believe that it would empower the tribe and provide access to much-needed resources.

Others, however, have expressed concerns about the potential impact of federal recognition. Some fear that it could lead to the loss of state recognition and the erosion of the tribe's autonomy. Others worry that it could attract non-tribal members who may seek to capitalize on the tribe's benefits.

Analysis of the Evidence

There is both evidence to support and refute the arguments for and against federal recognition for the Lumbee Tribe. A study conducted by the National Academy of Sciences in 2017 found that the tribe meets the criteria for federal recognition established by the BIA.

However, a subsequent report by the BIA in 2018 argued that the tribe's historical documentation is insufficient to prove its continuous existence as a distinct political entity. This report has been criticized by some scholars who argue that the BIA applied a overly narrow definition of political entity.

Implications for the Future

The Lumbee Tribe's pursuit of federal recognition is a complex issue with far-reaching implications. A decision in their favor could set a precedent for other tribes seeking recognition and could have significant consequences for the distribution of resources and the relationship between tribes and the federal government.

If the Lumbee Tribe does receive federal recognition, it will be a testament to their resilience and determination. It will also be a reminder that the struggle for indigenous rights is far from over. There are still many tribes that have yet to achieve federal recognition, and their voices deserve to be heard.

Conclusion

The Lumbee Tribe's journey to federal recognition is a story of perseverance and hope. For centuries, they have faced adversity and discrimination, but they have never given up on their dream of being recognized as a sovereign nation. President Trump's recent memorandum has given them renewed hope that their long-held aspiration may finally be realized. Whatever the outcome, the Lumbee Tribe's story is a powerful reminder of the resilience of the human spirit and the importance of fighting for what you believe in.